Apparently it was refounded by Dionysius II of Syracuse several decades later. He then levelled the city to the ground and gave its territory to his ally Locri. In 389 BC the city was conquered by Dionysius I of Syracuse, who transplanted its citizens to Syracuse and gave them citizenship and an exemption from taxes for five years. The store of timber at Caulonia was attacked and burned by forces from Syracuse. According to Thucydides Caulonia supplied Athens with timber for ships during the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC). Also, the claim of Croton over such a long stretch of coast close to its rival Locri would have been risky. The fact that Caulonia minted its own coins in the sixth century BC suggests that it was independent. It has been thought that Caulonia was ruled by Croton for some time, but A. Graham does not consider these two options to be mutually exclusive because the oecist and settlers could have been invited by Croton. Others sources such as Pseudo-Scymnus claim that it was founded by Croton. Pausanias also gives the name of the oecist, or founder, as Typhon of Aegium.
Both Strabo and Pausanias mention that the city was founded by Achaean Greek colonists. There is no literary evidence for the foundation date of Caulonia, but archeological evidence shows that it was founded early in the second half of the seventh century BC. Nomos from Caulonia with Apollo holding a laurel branch and a stag, c. The walls of the city enclosed an area of approximately 35 to 45 hectares (110 acres). The shoreline stabilized in the period from the 1st century AD to the present. It was the result of a tectonic phase which caused landward rise and submergence of the seafloor. The recession of the coastline started around 400 BC and ended in the 1st century AD. This headland probably did not have natural or artificial facilities which could provide protected anchorage for ships. More than one hundred fluted columns which have been discovered on the seabed in front of Caulonia stood then on a broad arc-shaped headland. In ancient times the shoreline of Caulonia lay 300 meter further seawards. Punta Stilo, the "Cape of Columns", is a gentle arc-shaped headland located immediately north of the site. In ancient times the mouth of the Assi was located slightly further to the south. The city was located between the mouth of the Stilaro river to the south and the mouth of the Assi river to the north. Some of the artefacts which have been excavated at the site can now be seen in the Monasterace Archeological Museum. Today the ruins of the ancient city can be found near Monasterace in the Province of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, Italy. The city changed its name to Caulonia in honor of the ancient city, which was mistakenly believed to have been located in its territory. Since 1863 AD the name Caulonia has also been used by the city formerly known as Castelvetere. There they founded Stilida, which developed into the modern town Stilo. At some point after the destruction of the city by Rome in 200 BC, the inhabitants moved to a location further inland. Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della CalabriaĬaulonia or Caulon ( Ancient Greek: Καυλωνία, romanized: Kaulōnía also spelled Kaulonia or Kaulon) was an ancient city of Magna Graecia on the shore of the Ionian Sea.
0 kommentar(er)
